In this study, a new method for manipulating energy flow in a Engraved Signatures 3D vector field is proposed.In this method, an azimuthally-polarized beam with a noncanonical vortex, the X-type vortex, is focused in a high-numerical aperture system.It is found that, instead of the invariance of the energy flow which is characteristic of the tradit

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to develop stable lyophilized formulation of peginterferon alfa-2b which is acquiescent to the short lyophilization process.The present study evaluates the effect of buffering components and cryoprotectant(s) on depegylation of the peginterferon alfa-2b in combination with lyophilization process.Finally